This study investigates through experimentation and numerical modeling, the degree of variation in pH and temperature for 3D gold electrode-based bionanoelectronics platform. The pH and thermal sensitivity of these electrodes gives an estimate of the optimum environmental conditions for efficient operation of DNA wires on the proposed architecture. This study demonstrates, through numerical modeling and experimental analysis, a drop in pH at the anode and increase in basicity at the cathode in response to an externally applied DC bias. On similar lines, the phenomenon of Joule heating of the 3D gold electrodes is also described to illustrate variations in temperature to change in voltage. Additional parameters such as the influence of spacing between adjacent electrodes on variations in pH are determined, and it is verified that greater the spacing between adjacent electrodes in a microarray, lesser is the degree of variation in pH. For this purpose, a number of chips were microfabricated with different spacing dimensions between them to determine its influence on pH variation over a wide range of data points
