Description
While recent research in electron-transport mechanism on a double strands DNA seems to converge into a consensus, experiments in direct electrical measurements on a long DNA molecules still lead to a conflicting result. This research investigates experimentally the attachment of DNA molecular wire to high aspect ratio three-dimensional (3D) metal electrode and the effect of temperature to its AC electrical conductivity. The 3-D microelectrode was built on a silicone oxide substrate using patterned thick layers of negative tone photoresist covered by sputtered gold on the top surface. Attachment of _-DNA to the microelectrode was demonstrated using oligonucleotide-DNA phosphate backbone ligation and thiol-gold covalent bonding. Electrical characterizations based on I-V and AC impedance analysis of several repeatable data points of attachment with varying _-DNA concentration (500 ng/µL to 0.0625 ng/µL) showed measurable and significant conductivity of _-DNA molecular wires. Further study was carried out by measuring I-V and impedance while ramping up the temperature to reach complete denaturation (~1100C) resulting in no current transduction. Subsequent re-annealing of the DNA through incubation in TM buffer at annealing temperature (~900C) resulted in recovery of electrical conduction, providing a strong proof that DNA molecular wire is the one generate the electrical conductivity. _-DNA molecular wires reported to have differing impedance response at two temperature regions: impedance increases (conductivity decrease) between 40C — 400C, and then decreases from 400C until DNA completely denatured (~1100C). The increase conductivity after 400C is an experimental support the long distance electron transport mechanism referred as "thermal hopping" mechanism. We believe that this research represents a significant departure from previous studies and makes unique contributions through (i) modification of DNA attachment methods has increase the success rate from less than 10% to be more than 75% (ii) more accurate direct conductivity measurement of DNA molecular wires facilitated by suspension of the DNA away from the substrate, and (iii) AC impedance measurement of DNA molecular wires with the effect of temperature suggests an experimental evidence of temperature gating mechanism in charge transport through DNA wire that will be very important for further studies.
