This study proposes new measures for a dimensional framework of interpersonal relationships based on Aristotle‘s notion of pleasure, use, and virtue as primary motivating factors and relational outcomes. This study explores a relational empathy model that emphasizes the distinction between empathy and perceived empathy in addition to affective and cognitive components. Other relational and situational factors are also examined, from social motivations to causal attributions and event severity of a shared experience. In addition, the physiological correlates of heart rate variability and acoustic parameters of vocal utterances are investigated as functions of relational properties. The combined results of studies involving 654 people suggest that higher ratings of relationship pleasure, utility, and virtue all imply reductions in drives for revenge and avoidance within relationships, but that virtue is a uniquely good indicator of lessened antisocial motivations. People in relationships with high virtue-orientations are more likely to credit their partner for actions in good circumstances and less likely to blame their partner for actions in bad circumstances. The empathic connection between individuals, and in particular the perception of partner empathy, plays prominently in a number of relational processes. The act of recalling past relational situations impacted cardiovascular function, with more positive experiences causing greater reduction in heart rate variability. In addition, there was evidence that increased attributions of partner responsibility for a situation impart a calming effect on cardiovascular function.
