Dendrite growth on lithium metal anodes is detrimental to the progress of next generation battery technology. The goal of this research is to gain a better understanding of the as-received lithium and its reactivity to address the fundamental attributes of dendrite growth. Voltage pulsing experiments have shown promise in mitigating dendrite formation and improving the reactive surface area of lithium. The present study explores the surface chemistry of lithium during in-situ experiments using Raman spectroscopy and mapping techniques. A custom visualization cell and pump-cell were utilized to perform all experiments. The optimal Raman experimental setups and processing techniques were explored and defined. A library of reference spectra was created in order to analyze the results from the Raman spectrometer. In addition, a gas-doping setup was created to understand better how lithium reacts with certain gases and solvent vapors but this was not able to be used due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the ensuing lab closures. Due to the overwhelming demand for ventilators in the COVID-19 pandemic, the research focus pivoted to designing a low-cost, easily assembled, emergency ventilator. Three different prototypes were created as the design progressed and local pulmonary experts provided advice. In particular, a base model with no electronic sensors, a BVM capable version, and a simplified optimal design with sensors. Different software was used including MiniTab, BIOPAC, and the Michigan Lung to test the design. The final design was tested at UCSD Medical Center and is currently being tested for FDA approval.
